A Brief Note On The Criminal Justice System - 994 Words

Over the years, the Criminal Justice System has developed in many ways. As the system and society grow, its naturally for advances to be made. most of the time, these advances only better society. But, there are times when advances create issues and barriers for the system. In recent years, the system has shown an increase usage in computerized technology communication. Agencies have evolved and are now quick to respond to several types of issues. Some of these problems would have been considered unsolvable during a pre-technology age. While this is seem as a benefit for the system, society’s heavy reliance on technology has led to some downfalls. It ultimately has created a hindering in communication throughout the criminal justice system. Not limited to the Criminal Justice System, there is an issue with information security procedures. When the world’s information is kept online, it is not safe. People are capable of finding almost anything that is contained on the i nternet or through computers. Having all communication on such a public forum puts the agencies at risk for a breach. For example, a computer hack made worldwide news this year when Sony, a major entertainment and media company, had a large portion of their emails leaked to the public. The leak included: employee social security numbers, celebrity emails, bank accounts, and personal and business conversations. The leak did not only hurt the business of Sony, but led people to feel an invasion of privacy andShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The Criminal Justice System999 Words   |  4 PagesMaya Patton Written Assignment #3 Over the years, the Criminal Justice System has developed in many ways. As the system and society grow, its naturally for advances to be made. most of the time, these advances only better society. But, there are times when advances create issues and barriers for the system. In recent years, the system has shown an increase usage in computerized technology communication. Agencies have evolved and are now quick to respond to several types of issues. Some ofRead MoreA Brief Note On The American Criminal Justice System Essay2916 Words   |  12 PagesRunning head: CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 1 CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 14 Racism in the American Criminal Justice System Mia Hayat Antioch University Abstract This paper discusses the social justice issue of discrimination in the American criminal justice system. It reveals the history behind the integrated racism in the system and its effect on people of color. The key organization, Black Lives Matters, addresses the issue and is critically analyzed. A new solution thatRead MoreA Brief Note On Wrongful Conviction And Criminal Justice System1167 Words   |  5 Pagesflawed criminal justice system, many cannot identify with being wrongfully convicted, weakening public demand for change. Nevertheless, reforms designed to reduce miscarriages of justice take hold. The issue should not be viewed as a partisan issue but one of vital concern to all criminal justice stakeholders and the public. A leading wrongful conviction authority outlines the matter. Wrongful Conviction and Criminal Justice Reform Wrongful Conviction and Criminal Justice Reform, making justice is notRead MoreA Brief Note On Forensic Psychology And The Criminal Justice System1270 Words   |  6 Pagesevery crime, there is an equal punishment. The criminal justice system can be broken down into various different parts, all of which composed of people doing different jobs. While many people only know of common roles, there are many smaller jobs that are no less important. One critical job linked to the criminal justice system is that of a forensic psychologist. Forensic psychology requires a background in psychology, but works primarily in the court system. Most of the time, a forensic psychologistRead MoreA Brief Note On Unfair Police On The American Criminal Justice System2271 Words   |  10 PagesUnfair police lineups have become a rising issue in the American criminal justice system in recent years. More specifically, unfair police lineups have made witnesses and victims more susceptible to confuse innocen t and guilty suspects in a criminal trial. There is a series of research and experimental research that has been done on this topic in recent years that have proven this hypothesis to hold true in many cases. Some research suggests that often times, the witness or identifier on the standRead MoreUnderstanding Comparison in Criminal Justice Research vs. Criminal Justice Research and Practice993 Words   |  4 PagesComparison in Criminal Justice Research: An Interpretive Perspective by Max Travers and Criminal Justice Research and Practice: Diverse Voices from the Field by Michelle Newton-Francis. 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As well as a study conducted in Michigan pertaining to the use of prosecutorialRead MoreAlgorithmic Decisionmaking : Finish Title Here1460 Words   |  6 Pagesimplications are troubling. From our policing and justice system to our public benefits and employment verification, data is being used to predict behavior and make decisions with little accountability and few protections for civil rights. In a recent Pew survey only about a third of Americans were confident that the government could keep their records private and secure. Overall, policymakers should consider these challenges carefully. This brief examines the use of algorithmic decision making byRead MoreCJUS 420 Discussion Board and topic research Instructions draft1403 Words   |  6 PagesTopic: What does criminal investigation mean to you and why is it important? Based on your opinion and your references, answer the following questions in your thread: What does criminal investigation mean to you? Criminal investigations are official law enforcement efforts to discover the facts, and information concerning a crime, why the crime was committed, and the person(s) who committed the crime. In our criminal justice system a person can be brought to justice for a criminal act. First, andRead MoreFederalism1051 Words   |  5 Pages(Wilson/Diiulio/Bose,2014) Before the political system was in place today, the colonies was later formed the United States have their own government and political system based on the traditions and culture of its citizens. Before the alliance, every state exercises its own command governed by laws unique to its citizens that may be not practically relevant to the other states (Bohm amp; Haley, 2007). The birth of United States as an integrated nation brought changes to the system. Federal government evolved following

Gender Roles And Power Dynamics - 1640 Words

Gender roles and power dynamics have been a topic of great debate in regards to their portrayal in horror films. Over time, the horror genre’s boundaries, as well as ideas of gender roles, have become less strictly defined and many see this as being observable by looking at films from different points in time. Alfred Hitchcock’s Psycho (1960) and John Carpenter’s Halloween (1978) are both horror films which feature gender roles in different ways, although there are also similarities. The use of gender roles and their representation can be said to evolve over time as society’s views of gender roles also changed. There is a noticeable focus on sexual desires in both films, which relates to the role of sexuality in people’s views of†¦show more content†¦She uses this newfound confidence and invites Norman to her room, yet Norman declines and wants to assume the masculinity he never experienced due to being separated from society and its ge nder norms. This demonstrates the beginning of a suggested conflict for dominance as they enter the parlour. The parlour is filled with stuffed birds and Norman explains his love for the passive nature of still birds and a distaste for taxidermy of wild beasts. This can suggest that he wants to place Miss Crane in a submissive role and he sees himself as a wild beast which should be active. Marion attempts to re-establish dominance by implying she would have been more reactionary to being put down if Norman’s mother was berating her; â€Å"You know, if anyone ever talked to me the way I heard -- the way she spoke to you...†. This is seen as a challenge to Norman’s masculinity; he drops his smile and talks about how he wishes to curse, defy and abandon his mother. However, he says he does not focus on this masculine wrath and instead cares and shows compassion to his mother. This aggressive nature shown by Norman is accompanied by switches in camera angles to include an owl in the background as he speaks, with wings spread suggesting a predatory nature. This is furthered by his rage when Marion suggests institutionalisation for his mother, conveying a sense of fear towards Norman.Show MoreRelatedWe Didn t Start The Fire, By Billy Joel888 Words   |  4 PagesThere is no denying that over a multitude of years, music has inevitably found ways to challenge power and power structures around the world. Music has found a way to use not only lyrics, but also the gender of musicians and genres of music to oppose powerful entities. Throughout music s long lived history, lyrics have been the most obvious example of musical oppositions to power. Music and songs have been created to protest wars, raise awareness to violence, express pride in one s race and cultureRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of A Depressive Disorder Essay1192 Words   |  5 Pagesplays a key role in determining not just what idioms of distress will result in diagnoses but a lso in prescribing gendered roles that affect individuals’ subjective experience of mental and physical health. The World Health organization defines health as a â€Å"state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity† (â€Å"WHO definition of Health,† n.d.). Despite the existence of a universal definition of health, culture-defined gender roles prevent universalityRead MoreBeing A Male And A Female Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesMinister Benazir Bhutto, and Prime Minister Indira Ghandi were all powerful female leaders from their respected countries. Today we strive for equality weather it is male, female, race, color, age, or caste. The has always been power dynamic system when we look at â€Å"gender.† Throughout history the female race has been looked up as inferior to the male races there are certain stigma’s that come with being a male or a female. These stigma’s have led to mak ing certain restrictions for being a male andRead MoreGender Roles During The Epic Of Gilgamesh An Epic Poem 939 Words   |  4 PagesApril 4, 2017 Gender Roles In Gilgamesh, an epic poem, gender roles play a large role in the plot line. Even female goddesses had some key roles through this ancient epic. They might not have necessarily had the same strengths and duties to their male counterparts, but their roles were substantial. Even though the main characters in this epic, Enkidu and Gilgamesh, are male, women still had major roles in their tale. In the story of Ruth, Naomi and her mother-in-law defy gender roles and workRead MoreLiterary Analysis : Kate Haulman s Book, And Then Explains How And Why Fashion1432 Words   |  6 Pagesstage where people participated in contests over many types of developing issues used in the creation of our nations power through the people. In her book Kate Haulman researches and then explains how and why fashion, both as a notion and part of the changing style of personal beautification, linked gender roles/issues, social class control, business, and political development/power during a time when customar y orders were instability. 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Silvio case analysis free essay sample

Silvio Napoli, as head of Schindler Company’s corporate planning, is the best choice for the company’s India operations, given the facts of his adaptability of culture difference, his personality, background in Schindler, and his involvement of the Indian operation project, as well as his human resource management skills. First of all, Napoli is an Italian, who graduated from Harvard Business School. With solid education background, he became head of corporate planning in Schindler, which is a Swiss Company. His wife is a French-German dual national. Interacting with diversity of culture in life, he must be well equipped to adapt culture differences and handle the challenges. For instance, as he is employed as assistant of Chief Executive Officer of Schindler, he knows that Schindler is a formal Swiss company, so power distance is high that â€Å"the hierarchy was clear, politeness important, and first names rarely used. † (Silvio Napoli at Schindler India (A), page 3) He is well aware how people behave in the organizational context; he respects and embraces the culture, and he understands how he should behave as a manager. We will write a custom essay sample on Silvio case analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to Thomas, D. C. , Lazarova, M. B. ’s article on Cultural and Institutional Context of Global Human Resource Management, they said, â€Å"HRM systems are embedded in the cultural and institutional context of their home country. HRM may be somewhat resistant to the forces of globalization because its ability to change is limited by regulatory structures, interest groups, public opinion and culture norms, which are relatively slow to change. †(Page 38) Because of this reason, manager that is in charge of opening Indian subsidiary must be aware of culture difference and be flexible in adapting it while handling human resource management. As a result, his ability of solving culture challenges is strong. Also, his personality is well fit with the role of foreign market operator. He is willing to carry the risk to take the job that â€Å"involved dragging [his] family to a developing country. †(Silvio Napoli at Schindler India, page 4) His courage for dealing challenges and ambition for success is necessary for managing foreign market entrance. Moreover, because his role in the company and the Indian entry project, he understands clearly about the objective for both the company and the project. As staff to the corporate executive committee, he is acquainted with the company’s mission, strategies, and challenges it encountered. With his in-depth knowledge and responsibility of the company, the corporate executive committee-the Verwaltungsrat Ausschuss trusts him. As India is an attractive market and partnership with local company BBL broke down, the company decided to operate a subsidiary company in India, which is legally available now. Appointing the right person to start up a wholly owned Indian subsidiary is the key role for the success of the operation, so the person must be trusted by the senior managers of the parent company. As the investigator and planner for the India project, he spent nine months in analyzing the Indian market. He not only consults experts of India to analyze the market size of elevator industry, rivalry of the industry, and legal environment in India, but also develops a detailed business plan for Schindler to enter the Indian market. As a result, he is acknowledged of the economics of Indian market and details of the expansion project. While starting his first job of Indian project, he recruited his management team. His demonstrated his resource management skills by selecting the right people that specialize in certain area, so the team, as a whole, is excelled in all dimensions. For example, he recruited Mehar Karen Singh, who is well understood of Indian culture and he has valuable customer and leadership experience, such as leading construction projects, as managing director. Also, Napoli recruited T. A. K Matthew as head field operation. Matthew has nine years elevator experience in Otis, which has the biggest market share-50% in Indian elevator industry and it is the most profitable industrial companies in India. Therefore, he is expertise and in-depth experience in elevator industry and he understands how the leader company behaves in elevator industry. Therefore, Napoli has excellent human resource management skills, especially in recruiting the right people for the right role. In sum, among all the candidates in Schindler, Silvio Napoli is the best choice as the director of operating Indian subsidiary, based on his openness and ability to adapt culture difference, his courage for challenges and achievement-driven personality, his management role in Schindler, as well as his high involvement in planning the business strategies for the entrance of Indian market. Putting myself into Silvio Napoli’s position, I would choose to be flexible when approach the nonstandard glass wall elevator. Specifically, the company should accept the order and customized the elevator with glass wall in order to suit the customer’s need. There are several reasons for this approach, which includes the company’s current situation and threats from the changing economic environment that the company operates in. First of all, Schindler is a new entrance company to Indian elevator industry. There is intense competition in the industry, with â€Å"four major players accounted for more than three-quarters of the Indian market value: Otis (50%), BBL (8. 6%), Finland’s Kone (8. 8%), and ECE (8. 4%). †(Silvio Napoli at Schindler India (A), page 8) In the low-rise segment, which consists of 23% market share, were controlled by 25 regional companies. Customers in this segment are extremely price sensitive. In order for Schindler to successfully enter the market and build up market share, it should take the order since the company has not received any order so far. When there is intense competition in the market, it is tough for new company to survive. Customers who choose new companies are looking for either attractive price or differentiate products or/and services. Since price is already low for model S001, so it is better for the company to differentiate the products and services. In addition, the four elevators that were ordered are used for government building in Mumbai, so if the customer is satisfied with the service and the product, positive word of mouth will be generated and subsequent orders will be coming in. Even though the order will cost more than what it cost for standardized the elevators, it make more sense take the order. The company should take the initiative negotiate the term, specific products with nonstandard glass wall, costs involving with customization, and the price regarding to customizing products. Beside the fact that Indian elevator industry has intense level of rivalry, customers in the industry has relative high power and they are very price sensitive in low-rise segment, which Schindler S001 is trying to tack in. As a result, gaining customers’ awareness and preference is important. Accepting the order for the government building not only help increasing brand exposure to general public, but also help creating the brand image as safe and quality. Secondly, the changing Indian economic market condition create many threats for the company, so Schindler should move fast and take the order which help break even the costs for setting up the company. According to Schindler India’s outsourcing strategy, there would be â€Å"no in-house manufacturing, no centralized assembly, and no logistics infrastructure. Instead, the production of most components for the dominant S001 model would be outsourced to approved local suppliers. †(Silvio Napoli at Schindler India (A), page 9) When the strategy is in place and Napoli estimated that the transfer prices on the basic S001 elevators are 30% higher than what he has calculated on the schedule. Also, the Indian government announced that import duties on â€Å"noncore† goods, including elevators, will increased from 22% to 56%. With changing economic condition, Schindler India must act fast to cover the cost it has encountered since it will be late if it changes the strategy now. Without generating any revenue, Schindler India would get into deep business challenges as there may be lack of funding and lack of reasons to request extra funding from its parent company. In short, Schindler India should accept the first order of four elevators because the business plan for its first year is to sell twenty elevators, so accepting the order will help break even the cost. Also, with intense level of rivalry in Indian elevator industry and price-sensitive customers in low-rise segment which Schindler model S001 positioned in, the company should receive the order because it will help creating brand exposure and brand image that will eventually contribute to the company’s bottom line. Lastly, the changing Indian economic environment post serious business challenges for Schindler India; as a result, it is better for the company to act fast and generate some income to keep the business running and to provide some supports for future funding from the parent company if needed. Now putting myself in the shoes of Luc Bonnard, I would appraise Silvio Napoli’s recruitment strategies of Human Resource practices and operation strategies as the general manager of the India operation; however, I would give some advice on his human resource management in the Indian operation and his strategy should be more focus on customers’ needs. First of all, Napoli did a very good job on recruiting his management team. As discussed in the first section, Napoli recruited Mehar Karan Singh as managing director. M. K. Singh brings the company valuable customer and leadership experience because he has led construction projects for some of India’s largest hotel. Napoli also recruited T. A. K. Matthew as head field operation because he has expertise and in-depth elevator knowledge and experience. Notable, Matthew has worked for Otis, the largest and most profitable elevator company in India, for nine years. Therefore, he can provides many industrial insights and recommendation for Schindler India. Napoli also hired Ronnie Dante, who has experience in Otis for 24 years, as general manager for engineering. With solid elevator engineering background and experience, Ronnie Dante helps managing the hard-core part of the business. Pankaj Sinha is giving a role of human resource manager. As he promised, he will take care all the employees. Finally, Jujudhan Jena, with â€Å"high ethical standards, integrity, assiduousness to work, and drive,† is recruited as chief financial offer. His characteristic is the common value that the company would like to achieve. (Silvio Napoli at Schindler India (A), page 6) As a result, Silvio Napoli recruited a talent pool as his management team. These people are specialized in some dimensions, and as a whole, the team has edge in multi-dimensions, which achieve competitive advantage. In addition of recruiting the right people in the company, Napoli also create a business strategy that differentiate the company from its competitors. The business plan is to sell standardized products, with model S001 for low-rise segment and model S300P for mid to high end segment, and some manufacturing activities will be outsourced to local suppliers. This approach can lower production and overhead costs because there are standardization in productions and limited manufacturing equipment. Even though doing something different creates lots of uncertainty and risks, strategy is able to help the company to achieve unique positioning and establish substantial market share. Since standardization lowers production costs, so the company can lower the price to penetrate the market, giving the fact that customers in low-rise segment are high price sensitive. However, communication and cooperation within the company is required for the success of the strategy. I would advice Napoli to work on this challenge. For instance, â€Å"several of Napoli’s new management team had questioned him on the feasibility of his plan. † They â€Å"wondered how the company would survive selling only standard elevators† and â€Å"outsourcing strategy, since no other company in the industry worked this way. †(Silvio Napoli at Schindler India (A), page 10) As not every employee has the vision as Napoli and there is culture difference regarding creating business strategy, therefore, clear communication is necessary. Employees must have the belief of success and cooperate together to make the plan successful. In addition to that, Napoli should behave more flexible in the changing environment. He should be more understandable when it comes to culture differences. For example, Indian employees are more inclined to work in a relaxed environment and they tend to accept things that they do not have control of. Napoli, on the other hand, wants to get things done as soon as possible. Employees in Schindler India describe him as â€Å"’driving very hard’, ‘impulsive’, ‘impatient,’ and at times ‘over-communicative. ’†(Silvio Napoli at Schindler India (A), page 6) To better manage a foreign subsidiary, Napoli should be more flexible in adapting culture differences and understand employees’ value and needs. If employees feel they constantly experience stress from work, they will be less motivated and productive. Human resource management can be a differential advantage for Schindler India only if the director understands the culture dynamics and consider his employees’ concern. Lastly, I would advice Napoli to think and act in â€Å"a monk side†. In India, political, economic, and natural environments are constantly changing; so Indian people tend to accept what unexpected things happen. Therefore, when transfer prices and import duties raise, Napoli should accept the facts and take actions immediately. When order of customized elevators comes, he should negotiate the term, such as increasing price according to customization and extra services, with the customer; since the revenue will contribute to bottom line and help the firm to break even. Overall, Napoli’s performance as general manager in Schindler India has both up and down sides.

John Muir--explorer, Writer, And Conservationist--was Born On April 21

John Muir--explorer, writer, and conservationist--was born on April 21, 1838 in Dunbar, Scotland. Until the age of eleven he attended the local schools of that small coastal town. In 1849, the Muir family emigrated to the United States, settling first at Fountain Lake and then moving to Hickory Hill Farm near Portage, Wisconsin. Muir's father was a harsh disciplinarian and worked his family from dawn to dusk. Whenever they were allowed a short period away from the plow and hoe, Muir and his younger brother would roam the fields and woods of the rich Wisconsin countryside. John became more and more the loving observer of the natural world. He also became an inventor, a carver of curious but practical mechanisms in wood. He made clocks that kept accurate time and created a wondrous device that tipped him out of bed before dawn. In 1860, Muir took his inventions to the state fair at Madison where he won admiration and prizes. Also that year he entered the University of Wisconsin. He made fine grades, but after three years left Madison to travel the northern United States and Canada, odd-jobbing his way through the yet unspoiled land. In 1867, while working at a carriage parts shop in Indianapolis, Muir suffered a blinding eye injury that would change his life. When he regained his sight one month later, Muir resolved to turn his eyes to the fields and woods. There began his years of wanderlust. He walked a thousand miles from Indianapolis to the Gulf of Mexico. He sailed to Cuba, and later to Panama, where he crossed the Isthmus and sailed up the West Coast, landing in San Francisco in March, 1868. From that moment on, though he would travel around the world, California became his home. It was California's Sierra Nevada and Yosemite that truly claimed him. In 1868, he walked across the San Joaquin Valley through waist-high wildflowers and into the high country for the first time. Later he would write: "Then it seemed to me the Sierra should be called not the Nevada, or Snowy Range, but the Range of Light...the most divinely beautiful of all the mountain chains I have ever seen." He herded sheep through that first summer and made his home in Yosemite. By 1871 he had found living glaciers in the Sierra and had conceived his controversial theory of the glaciation of Yosemite Valley. He began to be known throughout the country. Famous men of the time--Joseph LeConte, Asa Gray and Ralph Waldo Emerson--made their way to the door of his pine cabin. Beginning in 1874, a series of articles by Muir entitled "Studies in the Sierra" launched his successful career as a writer. He left the mountains and lived for awhile in Oakland, California. From there he took many trips, including his first to Alaska in 1879, where he discovered Glacier Bay. In 1880, he married Louie Wanda Strentzel and moved to Martinez, California, where they raised their two daughters, Wanda and Helen. Settling down to some measure of domestic life, Muir went into partnership with his father-in-law and managed the family fruit ranch with great success. But ten years of active ranching did not quell Muir's wanderlust. His travels took him to Alaska many more times, to Australia, South America, Africa, Europe, China, and Japan, and of course, again and again to his beloved Sierra Nevada. In later years he turned more seriously to writing, publishing 300 articles and 10 major books that recounted his travels, expounded his naturalist philosophy, and beckoned everyone to "Climb the mountains and get their good tidings." Muir's love of the high country gave his writings a spiritual quality. His readers, whether they be presidents, congressmen, or plain folks, were inspired and often moved to action by the enthusiasm of Muir's own unbounded love of nature. Through a series of articles appearing in Century magazine, Muir drew attention to the devastation of mountain meadows and forests by sheep and cattle. With the help of Century's associate editor, Robert Underwood Johnson, Muir worked to remedy this destruction. In 1890, due in large part to the efforts of Muir and Johnson, an act of Congress created Yosemite National Park. Muir was also personally involved in the creation of Sequoia, Mount Rainier, Petrified Forest and Grand Canyon national parks. Muir deservedly is often called the "Father of Our National Park System". Johnson and others suggested to Muir that an association be formed to protect the newly created

No Turning Back Essays

No Turning Back Essays No Turning Back Essay No Turning Back Essay Amna Chowdhrey Ms. Thoromon English/4 27 September 2012 Chapter 4-6 Quotes| Analysis| P:66-67 â€Å"There is a sympathy that will make me conscious of him. I shall see him tremble. I shall feel myself shudder, suddenly and unawares. Sooner or later, he must needs be mine:| Hester’s husband wants to know who the man is and he wanted revenge on him. This shows how much he still cares about Hester. Even though he did leave her for 2 years because he got captured by the Native Americans, he still loves her and cares for her even after what she has done| P: 75 â€Å"She grew to have a dread of children; for something horrible in this dreary woman, gliding silently through the town, with never any companion but one only child. †| Hester is clearly an outcast. And she feels like one too. She is the example that parents use to tell their children what not to do and to show them the consequences of it. This made her feel as if she was the only one who ever committed a sin. This awful agony inside her made her feel worse; on top of that it made her feel lonesome and guilty. | P:86 â€Å"In the afternoon of a certain summer’s day, after Pearl grew big enough to run about, she amused herself with gathering handfuls of wild-flowers and flinging them, one by one, at her mother’s bosom, dancing up and down like a little elf whenever she hit the scarlet letter. †| Her daughter, Pearl, is brought by great content by such an awful thing. This shows how young and innocent she is. Even though she doesn’t have any friends because all the children in society outcast her and she doesn’t even question it. She is naive as to why they are marginalizing her. | P:79 â€Å"She knew that her deed had been evil; she could have no faith, therefore, that its result would be for good. Day after day, she looked fearfully into the child’s expanding nature; ever dreading to detect some dark and wild peculiarity, that should correspond with the guiltiness to which she owed her being. | This just comes to show how much the society has changed Hester. At first, she didn’t care what people where to whispering about her and her child when she first walked up towards the stage. But there is thought in her mind that her own child could be filled with darkness. | P: 86 â€Å"Once this freakish, elvish cast came into the child’s eyes while Hester was looking at her own image in them, as mothers are found of doing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ | Hester sees herself in her child’s eyes. She sees that her child will grow up separated from everyone else in the town, and that she will always be detached from others because she was the product of her mother’s sin which automatically means she is a sin. | Vocabulary: Alchemy- the medieval forerunner of chemistry, based on the supposed transformation of matter. Infamy- well known for some bad quality or deed Expostulation- express strong disapproval or disagreement Vengeance- punishment inflicted or retribution exacted for an injury or wrong. Constrained- severely restrict the scope, extent, or activity of :

Canadian Embassy and Consulates in the U.S.

Canadian Embassy and Consulates in the U.S. Residents of the United States with valid passports dont need a visa to enter or travel through Canada. Likewise, most Canadian citizens dont require any visa to enter the United States, whether they are coming from Canada or another country. Some situations require visas, though, such as governmental or other officials relocating, and having the contact information of the nearest embassy or consulate handy is helpful when it comes time to renew or review these documents​ or consult officials on matters regarding Canada. The embassy and consulates are spread throughout the country and each covers a designated section of the United States. Each office can provide passport assistance  and emergency services, as well as notarial services to Canadian citizens. Consular services such as courier  delivery of voting ballots to Canada and transferring funds from Canada are available at both the embassy and the consulates. The embassy in Washington, D.C., also has a free art gallery that is open to the public. Canadian Embassy in Washington, D.C.501 Pennsylvania Ave. NWWashington, D.C.20001Tel: (202) 682-1740Fax: (202) 682-7726Canadian Consulate General in Atlanta1175 Peachtree St. NE100 Colony Square, Suite 1700Atlanta, Georgia30361Tel: (404) 532-2000Fax: (404) 532-2050Canadian Consulate General in Boston3 Copley Place, Suite 400Boston, Massachusetts02116Tel: (617) 247-5100Fax: (617) 247-5190Canadian Consulate General in ChicagoTwo Prudential Plaza180 North Stetson Avenue, Suite 2400Chicago, Illinois60601Tel: (312) 616-1860Fax: (312) 616-1877Canadian Consulate General in Dallas500 N. Akard St.Suite 2900Dallas, Texas75201Tel: (214) 922-9806Fax: (214) 922-9815Canadian Consulate General in Denver1625 Broadway, Suite 2600Denver, Colorado80202Tel: (303) 626-0640Fax: (303) 572-1158Canadian Consulate General in Detroit600 Renaissance Center, Suite 1100Detroit, Michigan48243Tel: (313) 567-2340Fax: (313) 567-2164Canadian Consulate General in Los Angeles550 South Hope St., 9th FloorLos Angeles, Cal ifornia90071Tel: (213) 346-2700Fax: (213) 346- 2797 Canadian Consulate General in Miami200 South Biscayne Blvd., Suite 1600Miami, Florida33131Tel: (305) 579-1600Fax: (305) 346-2767Canadian Consulate General in Minneapolis701 Fourth Ave. S., Suite 900Minneapolis, Minnesota55415Tel: (612) 333-4641Fax: (612) 332-4061Canadian Consulate General in New York City1251 Avenue of the AmericasConcourse LevelNew York, New York10020Tel: (212) 596-1628Fax: (212) 596-1790Canadian Consulate General - San Francisco580 California St., 14th floorSan Francisco, California94104Tel: (415) 834-3180Fax: (415) 834-3189Canadian Consulate General - Seattle1501 4th Ave., Suite 600Seattle, Washington98101Tel: (206) 443-1777Fax: (206) 443-9662

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Ethics - Essay Example Since infant walkers have hit the market, parents ran out and purchased the product. In 1992 30,000 injuries were related to the product and eventually the product was banned in 1994. Upon being banned makers were aware that the market for the product was out there because of the freedom it allowed infants and the way parents responded according to sales. What this meant for manufactures was that the product still had potential to make a nice amount of profit. Just because a product is banned in the United States does not mean that the product could not be sold in other countries. Most manufactures that see a potential market that will allow for large profit will pursue targeting the market. This happens every day and requires that certain individuals make either ethical or unethical business decisions. The infant walker case has many ethical and unethical business decisions behind exporting the product. An agent assigned to the case could be making ethical business decisions by expo rting the product if the agent was unaware of the ban in the United States. The company however would be making the unethical decisions by purposely hiring someone new or someone unaware of the previous injuries resulting from the product. An agent would be acting unethically if they were aware of the previous injuries and how the product has become banned.

Revelatios Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Revelatios - Essay Example Through this he tells the story of African American faith and persistence from slavery to freedom. Revelations is divided into three parts; each includes several dances representing different experiences in Baptist worship: â€Å"Pilgrim of sorrow†-dancers portray people who hope for salvation in spite of life’s difficulties. Movements suggest reaching toward heaven and being pulled back. â€Å"Take me to the water†, Ailey’s own baptism. Ritual where one becomes a full member of congregation. Takes place in ponds in church.is shown by movements suggesting rippling water. â€Å"Move, members, move† begins as church members gathers to worship.is shown by movements that suggest gossiping conservations, discomfort on a hot day and the hope of salvation. Revelations draws on black vernacular culture (derived from what Ailey called the â€Å"blood memories â€Å"of his childhood in Texas);because they were so strong he felt they were part of him as much as the blood that ran through his

Inter Textual Synthesis Essay Essay Example for Free

Inter Textual Synthesis Essay Essay Kate Chopin’s novel, The Awakening, centers around the theme of discovering oneself. The book shows readers the world of Edna Pontellier and gives them a window into her numerous insecurities and hesitations. Throughout the book, Edna attempts to become the opposite of the stereotypical women of her time. She chooses to be herself instead of the socially acceptable role she is expected to be. Additionally, Natasha Tretheway’s poem â€Å"Domestic Work† and Bobby Coles’ poem â€Å"Finding Yourself† attack the issues of independence, relationships, and gender. These two poems in combination with The Awakening strive to challenge the status quo of women everywhere. In the 19th century, women were expected to be domestic goddesses. As a married woman, it was important to be a positive influence on her husband and children, but was still expected to address to her husband as the head of the household. These restrictions had many women, including Edna in The Awakening, feeling trapped. Some women felt the need to become their own person, as opposed to the woman they were expected to become. In the poem, â€Å"Domestic Work†, the reader is given a preview of a typical woman in the 1930’s: â€Å"She beats time on the rugs, blows dust from the broom like dandelion spores, each one a wish for something better. † (Trethewey 23-26). The poem displays the monotonous life of women in the 19th century, and how some women desired something more. Edna, from The Awakening, is included in the category of women who longed for a life beyond household chores. In both The Awakening and â€Å"Domestic Work†, independence and a woman’s relationships are subjects of choice. Edna feels that she should be able to be free and independent. She wants to make her own choices about men and decide on her own who she loves without anyone else’s opinion influencing her choice. When Edna starts to lose the feelings she once had for her husband, she falls for Robert Lebrun. In fact, Edna had no intention to marry Leonce to begin with; â€Å"Her marriage to Leonce Pontellier was purely an accident, in this respect resembling many other marriages which masquerade as the decrees of Fate† (Chopin 23). Edna desires to have freedom. Robert wants a marriage with Edna, which conflicts with what she wants. Her feelings for Robert are strong but Robert has mature feelings for Edna, eyond what she feels for him. Though Edna wishes she could say the same, her love for him is more an infatuation-not true love. â€Å"As Edna walked along the street she was thinking of Robert. She was still under the spell of her infatuation. She had tried to forget him, realizing the inutility of remembering. But the thought of him was like an obsession† (Chopin 71). In the end, Edna realizes she cannot have both independence and true love. She decides to keep Robert out of her life and ends up drowning herself because of the internal conflict she has endured. In the poem â€Å"Finding Yourself†, author Bobby Coles explains that a person has to reach inside himself/herself in order to discover who he/she is. Similarly, Edna and the woman in â€Å"Domestic Work† are enduring their own journey. In Coles’ poem, he intentionally writes without specificity of gender, therefore making the poem easily relatable to readers of any gender. Coles uses descriptive language to create an image of what it is like to go through the process of finding yourself like Edna and the woman in Domestic Work did. â€Å"When are you most comfortable? Are you being true to yourself? You are in there somewhere. Judge on your own. Listen not to others. Look in the mirror. See beyond the image† (Coles 35-41). Coles encourages readers to not be influenced by the opinions of others, and instead, judge for themselves. In each text, the idea of taking your life in your own hands is present. Each of the poems and The Awakening displays themes of gender, relationships and independence. These themes help shape the stories and give the reader a greater understanding of the messages, as well as make connections to each of the characters.

The Female Manager :: essays research papers

Reasearch Report I have decided to write my report on the female manager, identifying three women who are presidents or CEO’s of companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange, providing information on their background and how they made it to the top. The first female I wanted to talk about is Muriel Siebert. She is currently CEO of Siebert Financial Corporation. She has had a chair on the National Women's Business Council and she made history as the first woman to buy a seat on the New York Stock Exchange in 1967. I hope she fits in the category, because I think this lady is wonderful. Muriel Siebert has been called "The First Woman of Finance." Among other firsts, she is the first woman to own a seat on the New York Stock Exchange and the first to head one of its member firms, Muriel Siebert & Co., Inc. She took a leave from her firm in 1977 to serve five years as the first woman Superintendent of Banking for the State of New York. She is known as an outspoken speaker who pulls no punches in lectures, panels and talk shows. She often exhorts industry to utilize women more aggressively. "American business will find that women executives can be a strong competitive weapon against Japan and Germany and other countries that still limit their executive talent pool to the male 50 percent of their population." Muriel Siebert has advised, "The men of the top of industry and government should be more willing to risk sharing leadership with women and minority members who are not merely clones of their white male buddies. In these fast-changing times we need the different viewpoints and experiences, we need the enlarged talent bank. The real risk lies in continuing to do things the way they've always been done." Muriel Siebert not only proves what she preaches, but she practices it too. Her best-known gamble made historic waves in 1967 when she applied to become the first woman member of the New York Stock Exchange. Although she had risen to a partnership in a leading Wall Street brokerage firm and had made big money for colleagues, her effort was patronized, ridiculed or openly opposed by many men on Wall Street. She was turned down by nine of the first ten men she asked to sponsor her application. Before considering her for membership, the Stock Exchange imposed a new condition: she needed a letter from a bank saying they would lend her $300,000 of the near-record $445,000 seat price.

Thinking Like a Nurse

As in every profession, in nursing too, there are a number of details that every each of nurses should have and be aware of, because of the high expectancy by patients and colleagues in both within and outside of professional domains. Professionalism refers to the key points that everyone should follow and behaves the best in order to protect its dignity and respective in a competent manner. Then it becomes even more important when it comes to public health care matter. There are many reasons for that; first of all, Nursing. In this profession, it is expected from nurses to maintain the public trust and confidence. Nurses have the full trust from patient and their family. Every patient should be treated the same way as if they are in the need of best care and it is expected from nurses to maintain the practise area in a safe and in an environment that a nurse can practise safely at all times. Secondly, a nurse should create and protect a relationship between themselves and the patient. Nurses should give extra attention to protect them from any kind of harm if they are more vulnerable than the others or if they are with handicaps. Another point to be aware of is â€Å"Nurses recognise their professional position and do not accept gifts or benefits that could be viewed as a means of securing the nurses’ influence or favour. † (Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council: 2008) Nurses should keep the relationship professional and should not keep it if it gets out of ethics and standards. Furthermore, if there is an unethical or unlawful conduct noticed within the clinic or outside of the clinic, a nurse should not overlook it or should not leave it unnoticed. The action should be reported to an authorized person or corporation to put the behaviour in a fair process. Also, nurses are responsible of treatment for people in need and to motivate the patients processing in recovery. Nurses help to prevent the illness or injuries by educating patients and help to raise the quality of health in the country. They treat the patient, help them to benefit in the best way from service provided and approach them and their families with a good sense. To sum up, the best way for any public health service to work constantly, sufficient, reachable and at the best quality is, doctors, nurses, and the other health workers should work together as a team. Nurses are indispensable and the most important ring of the chain.

Manac Plc Essay

The assignment – Background information You are the financial director of a large, ficticious company called Manac plc, which produces and sells a range of standard electrical goods. Production and sales take place across a number of countries. The company uses standard costing and absorption costing as part of its approach to strategic management accounting. The Board of Directors is concerned that the company is not meeting its budgeted target profits; the managing director takes the simple view that more sales mean more profits and that the products have not been priced to sell in sufficient numbers. While you are aware that this is a possibility you recognise that the real reason for the lower than expected profits may be more complex. You have therefore decided to conduct a full review of variances to identify those areas which have not met budgeted expectations. Assignment Requirements While this review is underway and to improve the board of directors understanding of the issues involved, you have decided to produce a report to the board of directors which addresses the following 3 topics: i. The models and concepts affecting the pricing decisions taken by organisations, critically reflecting upon their usefulness (maximum mark 33%). i. The role of standard costing and variance analysis in management accounting and a critically discussion of the value and limitations of variance analysis as a means of identifying key areas which have contributed to the overall profit figure (maximum mark 33%). iii. The advantages and disadvantages of introducing an Activity Based Costing syst em to replace the current Absorption Costing system (maximum mark 34%). The report should include critical evaluation of the models and concepts proposed outlining their merits and limitations. You may incorporate logical assumptions with regard to the company and use numerical examples to illustrate the models and concepts that you propose to adopt The University policy on cheating collusion and plagiarism will be applied to this piece of work. Guidance: Students are encouraged to be inquisitive and innovative in their approach as to what should be included in this report the following may be of some use in providing guidance as to what could possibly be included, although this is in no way meant to be prescriptive. The aim of the ssignment is to help you understand how key areas of strategic management accounting are demonstrated in practice by a large, international company. This will include investigating topics from throughout the course linked to the above issues. Some of the principles, concepts ad models will be more relevant to your chosen approach than others and so it is likely that different students will formulate different approaches to the problems. This is n ormal, it is not expected that all of the course content will be used in the analysis, concentrate on that which you feel is most important. As part of your work you might find it helpful to briefly explore the underlying theory behind the key areas of investigation that you identify before applying them to report. With a total of 3,000 words you do not have a lot of room for long introductions so assume you are writing to a sophisticated audience who has a working knowledge of strategic management accounting and is well versed in business theory. Numerical example for illustrative purposes may be of use but should not be the main thrust of the work. If used they should be to provide evidence to support your findings from your other analysis of position and policies. If other sources are used remember to reference everything! Please avoid relying too heavily on descriptive sections reproducing information available from course material or the set text. It is your own logical, evaluation of the situation, the interpretation of course material and presentation, with critical analysis, of a coherent strategic plan that will attract high marks. Marking Guide The learning outcomes for this module assessed by this piece of work are Knowledge 1. Critically evaluate a range of key strategic management accounting models and concepts. . Critically understand of specific analytical skills in key areas within management accounting at local and international level

Free Essays on Osama BinLaden

Introduction I don’t agree with the Muslim extremist leader Usuma Bin Laden but in order to comprehend our nation’s current state, we must realize why such a person would commit such heinous crimes against humanity to please his leader, himself, and his followers. In order to understand his ideals we look behind so-called enemy lines to see why he does this. I will inform the class how he influences his people, and why the United States disagrees. Body of Speech I. Why does Usama Bin Laden commit these acts of terror on America and its people? 1.Back in 1979 during the cold war when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, bin Laden joined forces against the Soviet Union. a. Afghanistan received funds by the U.S. during the conflict b. The U.S trained bin Laden during the war. c. After the conflict the U.S. pulled out and left. 2. Another reason why bin Laden has such a hatred for U.S. is its infiltration into the holy land or the â€Å"land of the two Mosques.† a. During and after the Gulf War the United States occupied Saudi Arabia and set up permanent military presence in the region, which is also the â€Å"two most holy places in Islam† Mecca and Medina. b. Bin Laden feels that the U.S. should have no involvement in the Holy Lands of the Middle East. 3. Usuma Bin Laden’s people are constantly undergoing warfare in which he thinks is brought on solely by the United States. II. How does bin Laden influence his followers to justify these acts and some case carry them out. 1. He is seen as a hero and/or pope like figure to his people. 2. His followers believe that Bin laden will lead them to a better life, and that terrorist acts upon the U.S. propel them. 3. Bin Laden is much like any other religious extremist by taking excerpts from the Curran (Muslim bible) and exploiting them. III. Why will the people of America never understand Usama Bin Laden’s viewpoints?... Free Essays on Osama BinLaden Free Essays on Osama BinLaden Introduction I don’t agree with the Muslim extremist leader Usuma Bin Laden but in order to comprehend our nation’s current state, we must realize why such a person would commit such heinous crimes against humanity to please his leader, himself, and his followers. In order to understand his ideals we look behind so-called enemy lines to see why he does this. I will inform the class how he influences his people, and why the United States disagrees. Body of Speech I. Why does Usama Bin Laden commit these acts of terror on America and its people? 1.Back in 1979 during the cold war when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, bin Laden joined forces against the Soviet Union. a. Afghanistan received funds by the U.S. during the conflict b. The U.S trained bin Laden during the war. c. After the conflict the U.S. pulled out and left. 2. Another reason why bin Laden has such a hatred for U.S. is its infiltration into the holy land or the â€Å"land of the two Mosques.† a. During and after the Gulf War the United States occupied Saudi Arabia and set up permanent military presence in the region, which is also the â€Å"two most holy places in Islam† Mecca and Medina. b. Bin Laden feels that the U.S. should have no involvement in the Holy Lands of the Middle East. 3. Usuma Bin Laden’s people are constantly undergoing warfare in which he thinks is brought on solely by the United States. II. How does bin Laden influence his followers to justify these acts and some case carry them out. 1. He is seen as a hero and/or pope like figure to his people. 2. His followers believe that Bin laden will lead them to a better life, and that terrorist acts upon the U.S. propel them. 3. Bin Laden is much like any other religious extremist by taking excerpts from the Curran (Muslim bible) and exploiting them. III. Why will the people of America never understand Usama Bin Laden’s viewpoints?...

5 Tips for Handling your Thesis Data Analysis - Proofed

5 Tips for Handling your Thesis Data Analysis - Proofed 5 Tips for Handling your Thesis Data Analysis When writing your thesis, the process of analyzing data and working with statistics can be pretty hard at first. This is true whether you’re using specialized data analysis software, like SPSS, or a more descriptive approach. But there are a few guidelines you can follow to make things simpler. 1. Choose the Best Analytical Method for Your Project The sheer variety of techniques available for data analysis can be confusing! If you are writing a thesis  on internet marketing, for instance, your approach to analysis will be very different to someone writing about biochemistry. As such it is important to adopt an approach appropriate to your research. 2. Double Check Your Methodology If you are working with quantitative data, it is important to make sure that your analytical techniques are compatible with the methods used to gather your data. Having a clear understanding of what you have done so far will ensure that you achieve accurate results. For instance, when performing statistical analysis, you may have to choose between parametric and non-parametric testing. If your data is sampled from a population with a broadly Gaussian (i.e., normal) distribution, you will almost always want to use some form of non-parametric testing. But if you can’t remember or aren’t sure how you selected your sample, you won’t necessarily know the best test to use! 3. Familiarize Yourself with Statistical Analysis and Analytical Software Thanks to various clever computer programs, you no longer have to be a math genius to conduct top-grade statistical analysis. Nevertheless, learning the basics will help you make informed choices when designing your research and prevent you from making basic mistakes. Likewise, trying out different software packages will allow you to pick the one best suited to your needs on your current project. 4. Present Your Data Clearly and Consistently This is possibly one of the most important parts of writing up your results. Even if your data and statistics are perfect, failure to present your analysis clearly will make it difficult for your reader to follow. Ask yourself how your analysis would look to someone unfamiliar with your project. If they would be able to understand your analysis, you’re on the right track! 5. Make It Relevant! Finally, remember that data analysis is about more than just presenting your data. You should also relate your analysis back to your research objectives, discussing its relevance and justifying your interpretations. This will ensure that your work is easy to follow and demonstrate your understanding of the methods used. So no matter what you are writing about, the analysis is a great time to show off how clever you are!

Cultural Competence in Health Care Professional Practice Essay

Cultural Competence in Health Care Professional Practice - Essay Example Australia is an example of such a country that has experienced cultural diversity which has had immense impact on both professional and personal lives of healthcare professionals, critically affecting service delivery. In order for podiatrists, and indeed all the healthcare professionals in general, to deliver healthcare to the desired levels, cultural diversity should be put into consideration in practice, promoting a culturally safe environment and acquire cultural competence. In basic terms, culture describes an assortment of beliefs and behaviours to which a particular group ascribes and passes on from one generation to another. Adler (2004) defines equity as trait of fairness and impartiality; diversity as an array of various things; and competence as a suitable application of attributes and knowledge through the actions and behaviours of an individual. As such, cultural competence could be defined as the possession of attributes and knowledge that foster understanding of a wide array of beliefs and behaviours of diverse groups of people and applying it equitably. For healthcare professionals, including podiatrists, to attain cultural competence, Betancourt (2002) argues that they would have to exhibit attributes and behaviours that would promote their ability to effectively work with people from diverse cultures. i. Value diversity and accept cultural differences - The element of valuing diversity and accepting cultural differences requires one to keep an open mind to the environment and view each situations without bias. It should be appreciated that in any given environment, each person is different and would therefore have unique values and beliefs. ii. Possess cultural self-assessment capacity and an understanding of own culture – Cultural self-assessment capacity and understanding own culture implies the need to be able to critically comprehend one’s belief system. This requires unbiased approach

Paper analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Paper analysis - Essay Example The surplus agricultural products will feed both the people working in the farm and those in other economic sectors. On the other hand, lack of adequate natural resources is not a limitation to economic growth because; In the process of economic growth, economic activities depend much more on the use of physical and human capital. Countries like Japan and other South East Asia countries have made themselves economic growth with limited natural resources endowments, and have used more of the physical and human capital. Human resource is the physical labour and the stock of labour in the form of skills. A large labour force implies a more productive manpower to offer services to the various industries. A strong education based economy can produce a skilled labour force. This in return will improve the living standards of its employees through the salaries the workers receive from the services they lender. (iii) Capital contributes to the growth by overcoming the bottlenecks in agriculture. The limited availability of fertile land for cultivation can be overcome by raising arable land production via intensive farming. According to Walter Rostow’s, describes economic development to follow a certain order to achieve full development of the economy. He argues that within civilization chronological economic stages of modernization are followed. Walter identifies five stages; these stages include; 2. The precondition of take-off: this is the second stage of development. During this stage of development, the rates of investment are getting high. This kind of development comes as a result of the industrial revolution. The produce from agriculture is, therefore, further processed in the developed industries. Workforce of the primary sector becomes redundant. This stage may last for about a century. 3. The take-off: in this stage there is dynamic economic growth. The main feature in this platform is the capability of the economy to withstand its progression. This

EU Law Coursework 2008 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

EU Law Coursework 2008 - Essay Example of a Member State to fulfil its obligations under an EC Directive was raised in the case of Commission of the European Communities v Portugese Republic.1 The European Commission brought action against Portugal under Article 226 for a declaration that a feature of its national legislation contravened the objectives of the EC Treaty and interfered with the objectives of the Treaty to permit free movement of goods throughout the European Union. The Court in this instance rejected all its arguments supporting its legislation on the grounds of safety and public policy, stating that the Portugese Government was going beyond what was necessary to achieve the objectives being pursued.2 The Court held that the Portuguese legislation was in contravention of EC Directives and ordered it to pay the costs because it was the unsuccessful party in its submissions.3 The Commission was able to bring against the member State of Portugal on the strength of Article 226. One of the problems in enforcing Community legislation, especially in environmental issues for example, has been the â€Å"problems of communication and conformity† by the Member States which in turn have led to an inadequate application of EC law 4. The objective of Article 226 is to address the insufficient levels of Member state transposition of Directives, because it allows the Commission to start infringement proceedings against the Member State that is not complying with a Directive. Earlier, proceedings under Article 226 appear to have been brought forward by the Commission on an ad hoc basis; moreover since Member States can delay the implementation of an Article 226 judgment until the penalty provision under Article 228 begins to operate, this provides them with several years wherein the infringement can continue. In its response to the Commission, the UK contends that its legislative process has not yet been fully completed, which has delayed the specific legislation, but that the Courts will apply the

Health And Illnesses Defined By Society Sociology Essay

Health And Illnesses Defined By Society Sociology Essay Health is the general condition of a person in all aspects of life. It can be seen as the level of functional and or metabolic efficiency of an organism, often implicitly human. According to World Health Organization (WHO), health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity- (WHO 1986). It can be defined as the absence of disease, a state of health unless symptoms emerge that demonstrates a deviance from normality. Mechanic and Volkhart (1961) define illness behaviour as the way in which symptoms are perceived, evaluated and acted upon by a person who recognizes some pain, discomfort or other signs of malfunction. Coe, (1979) asserts that illness is a subjective phenomenon. Individuals perceive themselves as not feeling well and hence may deviate from usual normal behaviour. According to him, the individual may feel sick without a disease being present, (or he/she may not experience illness even though a disease is present). Two persons with the same clinical symptoms may act altogether differently in degree and kind of concern expressed, and whether and how they search for treatment Foster and Anderson (1979) posit that the state of illness comes with a time sequence. There is the beginning, an awareness of the first faint symptoms, there is a progression, the social and psychological progresses that occur, and there is a termination, through recovery or death. At many points during the course of illness, medical and social decisions must be made, roles adjusted and attitudes changed to confirm to the reality of the situations. Medical sociologist believes that illness behavior is to a large extent influenced by the individuals social class, ethnic background and culture of orientation. The definition of health and illness polarizes between those that rely upon objectives, scientific criteria at one extreme, and awareness, at the other. It has generated divergent views and understanding which is reflected in the academic debates about the nature of health and illness. Traditional Medical View The traditional medical view is that there is such a thing as a normal functioning of the body, which has a limited degree of variation. When operating within the normal boundaries of these variations, a person can be defined as healthy, and when they are outside these normal boundaries, they are ill or there organs are diseased. Health can be defined within this framework as the absence of disease. It assumes a state of health unless symptoms emerge that demonstrate a deviance from normality. The Positivist Approach The positivist approach accepts the concept of disease, but, brings out a much broader social element into the definition, suggesting that health is not just a physical state, but also a wider sense of well-being, closely linked to our social surroundings. While the Lay Models of Health perspective emerged to use the functional definition by arguing that health can be defined as the ability to perform normal daily activities (Haralambos and Holborn 2008:280-1). The functionalist approach to the sociology of health and illness derives from the work of Talcott Parsons. He explored the relationship between illness and social control. Parson (1951) put forward one of the most famous concept in the sociology of health and illness: the sick role. This is the role assumed by an individual who excuses him or her from the normal behaviour because he is sick due to injury or incapacitation. He/she then seeks compassion from colleges, friend and family members and is no longer able to carry out normal activities. The sick person has the right to be exempted from normal social obligations, such as attending employment, or fully engaging in family activities. More so, sickness is something that no person can do anything about and for which the sick should not be blamed -they therefore have the right to be looked after by others. However the obligation of the sick role entails that the sick person must accept that he/she is in a situation that is undesirable and should seek to get well a soon as possible. The sick person must seek professional help and cooperate with the medical profession to get better. To the functionalist, illness has positive adaptive function which only a critical analysis can bring out. Dysfunctionally, disease and illness are destructive of human organism attacking cells and tissues thus reducing organisms adjustment. It brings loss resources for the individual and his/her group and can engender role problems as one individual or some people are put off temporally or permanently. On manifest, illness serves to forewarn the individual about the possible collapse of his/her physical structure and to effect repair. It makes the individual, his/her group or society to mobilize for such and similar occurrence, and for the group or society to train members for multiple roles incase of incapacitation of some people. On the latent functions, illness relieves the victim of unbearable pressure, mainly from relatives and dependants. It is used to gain attention and also maybe a device to expiate sinful feelings. The Work of Foucault A Foucaultian perspective drives social constructionalism much further on, right to the heart of the natural or biological, arguing that what we know as disease are themselves fabrications of powerful discourses, rather than discoveries of truths about the body and its interaction with the social world (Bury 1986) The corpus of his major work from the 1960s to the 1980s is an attempt to write a new history of the subject as constituted through historically located disciplinary powers. Foucaults starting position is the configuration of knowledge or episteme which constitutes particular subjects during specific historical periods. For Foucault (1973) sociology was deeply implicated in the very episteme which had given rise to medicine. The discipline of medicine provided the tool whereby subjectivity could be experienced and enforced. Contemporary sociology is not against medicine or professional practice, but rather seeks to problematize the taken- for- granted categories or reality within which they operate and deploy power/knowledge. The relationship between sociology and medicine and practices has always had a major impact on the field of the sociology of health and illness. His work went further to review the changing relationship before moving on to discuss some key characteristic of a sociological account for modern medicine and the social functions of medical knowledge. Although it is inappropriate to label Foucaults work postmodern it has been an important influences upon postmodernists. Post Modernism This approach allows the analysis of the fabrication of health, illness and patient subjectivity and the effect of the inscription on the body. It is suggested that health care professionals need to be more reflexive about their own knowledge claims and to resist the discursive practices which disempower and reduce choice. There is sustained application of post-modernist ideas to the sociology of health and medicine, although there is certainly an interest among many to explore their relevance for the field. The objective of sociologists of postmodernity is to understand the nature of contemporary postmodern society. As a result of developments in medicine, the overall increase in levels of health, have created the belief that most people will live long healthy lives. There is an increasing emphasis on life planning and self-identityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.as the constraints of life-threatening diseases early death and insecurity have given way to a more predictable life course Bury (1997). The experience of chronic illness therefore threatens much of what has come to be accepted as normal in contemporary society. Bury(1982) argued that chronic illness constitutes a major disruptive force in people lives undermining the taken-for-granted assumptions they had about the world and their place in it and forcing t hem to review their lives their own bodies and their own identities. He called this process biographical disruption. Narrative reconstruction is used by people to create a sense of coherence and order-why they got the disease. Interactionist Perspective Symbolic interactionism has probably been the most influential theoretical approach in the sociology of health and illness with studies focusing on the processes involved in people arriving at the decision to seek professional help, the interaction between the ill person and the medical professional in arriving at a definition of the illness and the impact on the person of being labeled as ill. This perspective rejects the notion that illness is a direct result of some form of disease instead they perceive it as a form of social deviance. What constitutes illness is a result of social definitions. Mechanic (1968) defines illness behaviour as the way in which symptoms are perceived evaluated and acted upon by a person who recognizes some pain discomfort and other signs of organic malfunction. Feminist Approach to Health These can include liberal feminism, socialist feminism and radical feminism. Divisions are apparent in the theoretical debates on feminism within the sociology of health and illness. All of them focuses in particular on inequalities of health between male and female and has sought explanations for these differences within the different role and economic positions of men and women. It tends to sought equality of numbers of men and women in the higher status medical professions and research has been undertaken to demonstrate the smaller number of women who occupy senior medical position and also the way in which nursing is regarded as lower-status, female profession. It also points to the lack of power that women have in their relations with the medical profession and demands a greater say in womens health particularly in childbirth and conception. Soialist feminist emphasizes that it is not possible to change the role of males and females within a capitalist patriarchal society as liberal feminist seek to do. Conclusion Health and illness in contemporary societies has been subjected of discuss from centuries back. Contemporary medicine includes unofficial, unorthodox, holistic and non conventional reflects both the range of models of health which underlie these differing medicines and the ability of the more powerful biomedical profession to have them defined as somehow subservient to (complementary) or less proven (alternative than biomedicine. Although there is general acceptance of the importance of social explanation in helping to understand health and illness within sociology, there is little consensus as to the exact mechanism which links social class, gender, ethnicity, and geography to different level of health with the explanations ranging from those which stresses the wider economic structure of society, to those which stress the individual life style choice. Finally the conceptualization of health and illness in contemporary society has brought out the idea that there are areas of knowledge which are natural and can only be understood through a sociological and physiological framework.

Why Do Girls Cut? Essay -- Psychology

Why do people hurt themselves? In a journal article from the American Journal of Psychotherapy, Louise Ruberman notes that about 2.1 million teens suffer from nonsuicidal self-injury, or NSSI. Young women between the ages of 14 and 18 years old take part in NSSI due to poor development of the relationship with their mothers, childhood abuse, and psychiatric disorders. Although there are multiple ways of causing injury to oneself, cutting of the skin as a means of self-mutilation is said to be the most common (Ruberman 119). We will start out by examining the problems that occur during the relationship development between a mother and a daughter at a young age. Gender role identity and body image are directly related to the relationship a young girl has with her mother while she is growing up. During the young ages, a girl needs to feel accepted and positively identified by her mother in order to be happy with her femininity. Mothers play a very important role in helping young girls establish their self-esteem, because a young girl’s first role model is most often her mom (Daniluk & Usmiani 47). If this relationship somehow goes astray, the young girl may easily form a negative body image of herself. Behaviors of self abuse often occur right around the age of puberty, and the reaction to a negative self-esteem may result in NSSI and cutting. According to Ruberman (120), girls who choose cutting as their means of self-injury are using their skin as a â€Å"canvas† to cut open and obtain some control over their own body. This behavior is derived from the lack of control they feel they posses. Ruberman (120), states in her artic le that a mother’s job is to stand by her daughter as she grows from birth without interfering with her own fea... ...ans of communication when less intense strategies have failed, such as yelling or speaking. All in all, the decision to take part in self-punishment is highly influenced by the behavior of others as we are growing up. Works Cited Glassman, L. H., Weierich, M. R., Hooley, J. M., Deliberto, T. L., & Nock, M. K. (2007). Child maltreatment, non-suicidal self-injury, and the mediating role of self-criticism. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 45(10), 2483-2490. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.04.002. Ruberman, L. (2011). Girls who Cut: Treatment in an outpatient psychodynamic psychotherapy practice with adolescent girls and young adult women. American Journal Of Psychotherapy, 65(2), 117-132. Usmiani, S., & Daniluk, J. (1997). Mothers and their adolescent daughters: Relationship between self-esteem, gender role identity.. Journal Of Youth & Adolescence, 26(1), 45.

Business Studies †Recruitment Essay

The purpose of the recruitment and selection process is to acquire a suitable number of employees with appropriate skills, in order to meet the man power requirements of the organisation. It is in the interests of the firm to achieve this goal at a minimum cost in terms of both time and resources. Businesses use several standard documents in the recruitment process, below are some of the key documentation used by businesses during recruitment. Authority to recruit – Once it is established that there is a need to fill a vacant post, managers need to know whether there is sufficient budget to cover the cost of the vacancy, although McDonalds are a large company they will have budgets for all their costs, this includes having a cash limits on recruiting as each employee costs à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½130 to train, this means authority to fill the post must be given before the recruitment process. Job Descriptions A job description should be created for every job role. This document should set out the overall purpose of the job and the key tasks and responsibilities of the post. Structure and components of a job description Component Function Job Title This should be a short descriptive title that explains the nature of the job, such as customer service assistant or senior team leader. Purpose Usually a one sentence summary of why the role exists: for example, to provide customer service support to retail sales team. Key Tasks These should be specific activities and described clearly using action words: for example, to co-ordinate, calculate and produce sales reports. Scope Of The Role Gives the boundary of responsibility: that is, who the job holder is responsible to, and who they are responsible for. This section should also list any budgetary responsibilities. Special Requirements Specific requirements such as shift r flexible work patterns, travelling requirements, essential languages and professional qualifications. A person specification is not a legal requirement but will be useful when writing a job advertisement and defining the qualities you are looking for in a candidate. Include the knowledge, experience and skills you would like them to have, separating those which are essential for the job from those which are desirable. It’s essential not to discriminate. A person specification describes the requirements a job holder needs to be able to perform the job satisfactorily. These are likely to include: – Education and qualifications – Training and experience – Personal attributes / qualities A job description describes the job; a person specification describes the person needed to do the job. A person specification can, therefore, form the basis for the selection of the most suitable person to fill the job. All job advertisements should be consistent with the job description and the person specification, which should be prepared well in advance before any position is advertised. All advertisements should be worded to attract suitable candidates who match the essential job and person criteria, and should provide a positive public image of the business. A business needs to make sure it attracts a sufficient number of suitably qualified applicants to apply for the job. So it needs to advertise in the right places. One of the key decisions a business like McDonalds needs to make is whether to restrict the job to internal or to invite applications from people outside the company. There are benefits in keeping recruitment in – house: it is cheaper, it can be good for staff morale, and all applicants will already be familiar with the business. However, by looking for external applicants, companies will be able to draw from a much wider pool of talent and, obviously, all businesses need fresh blood at some stage. Below shows the options for advertising vacancies a company like McDonalds may use. Internal Advertisements External Advertisements On Company Notice boards Newspapers – Local Or National In A Company Newsletter Contact with schools, colleges and universities In A Internal Vacancy Bulletin Specialist Magazines On The Premises In he Form Of A Poster Job Centres E-mail To All ( Or Selected ) Staff Internet – Company Website Recruitment Agencies Recruitment Or Job Fairs Radio And Television Advertisements A job advertisement for McDonalds should include * Job title and job description * Title and description of the organisation * Location of the work and any travel involved * Type of person required (qualifications/experience * Pay, conditions, benefits ( to be competitive and make the post appealing ) * How to apply ( such as a complete application form, send in CV and letter of application ) * Timescale (closing date for receipt of applications). The advert could also include other material that might attract a wider net of suitable candidates. For example, it might briefly outline the philosophy of the organisation, its positive attitude to disabled people, or its commitment to family – friendly policies. In general, the advert should be presented so that it captures reader’ attention, arouses interest in the company, creates desire and incites readers to action. A good advertisement will attract prospective candidates but deter those who would be unsuitable to meet the specifications of the job. It is also essential that the job advert conforms with equal opportunities legislation. There are several different methods used by businesses to compile a short list of candidates. Most typically, applicants are asked to return curriculum vitae (CV), a completed application form or a letter of application. Sometimes they are asked to supply two, and occasionally all three, of these different means of job application. These applications are then used to assess the strengths and weaknesses of applicants, which allow the business to draw up a short list to go through to the final stage of the selection process. At this point, there is a further piece of recruitment documentation used within the interview process – a form of recording and assessing the strengths and weaknesses of each candidate during the interview. This is considered as part of an in – depth look at interview techniques. The whole interview process is very important for McDonalds because they want their organisation to attract and recruit the highest calibre people available. Having recruited them it’s crucial that McDonalds then go on to develop and motivate them, meaning they can perform to their highest potential. McDonalds are keen to give recognition to their staff and reward them according, this then motivates them to work harder and achieve more with McDonalds, this is done by giving them a employee discount card, they also give them service awards every 3, 5, 10, 20 years you have stayed with McDonalds, each time they will get something special, such as a holiday trip, more time off work, McDonalds will then hope that this scheme will keep employees on board for many years, as there’s always something else for the employee to achieve, having employees stay longer for McDonalds is also a priority so for them, this is because it saves a lot of money as they don’t have to go through the recruiting and training process, for employees to stay longer they will try to recruit friends or family members of existing employees. Another scheme they use to give recognition and to motivate staff is employee of the month / year awards. This rewards consistent hard workers by giving extended holidays and by also putting their name, picture and McDonalds location on a plaque with other contenders for the award, McDonalds know there are other fast foods stores potential employees could join, so that’s the reason why McDonalds offer competitive pay and benefits to their staff, for instance in the first year alone McDonalds offer 3 pay reviews, so if a member of staff has excelled they will get an pay rise as an incentive to work, added to this they also get a private healthcare and free life assurance after 1 year. At McDonalds the staff can become bored due to the repetitiveness of the work, therefore McDonalds need to ensure that their employees are motivated and there is good morale, otherwise they can potentially suffer of poor performance, as a result poor performance can lose the business a lot of money and may deter customers away from there branch. So to make sure employees are happy with their job McDonalds may consider introducing job rotation to the member of staff if they feel he/she is capable. E.g. more outgoing people are more suited to working on the tills and checking over customers, while less talkative or those who can handle pressure are better suited to working in the kitchen area. Motivating staff isn’t just about incentives, it has much to do with the way employers treat and manage staff. Give your staff Purpose Responsibility Empower staff to carry out decision making within the job role. Delegate control and responsibility to the team leaders or supervisors for managing their team. Goals Provide the staff with clear goals that are both challenging and achievable. Resources Ensure staffs are provided with the resources they need to carry out their work effectively. Support Provide support for to the staff, including training and guidance with open and frank communication. Variety The very spice of life! McDonalds should give there staff some element of variety to avoid boredom in their work. Fairness It’s important the branch manager is seen to be fair respected. Regular talk time Through talking on a regular basis, the manager will soon be alerted to any issues that may affect the staff’s short term performance. Encouragement Encouragement to the staff to put forward their ideas and suggestions are important, as this enables the staff to feel that the managers trust them and their opinions. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs In 1935 Abraham Maslow identified five categories of human needs: * Physiological needs (basic life supporting needs such as food and water) * Needs for safety and security (such as a stable, predictable and ordered environment without fear) * Social needs (such as the need for social interaction; belonging to a family or group) * Needs for recognition and esteem (such as the approval and respect of others; influence an power over others) * Needs for self realisation (in order to develop as a person fulfil one’s potential and achieve one’s goal) Although outdated, it is accurate and there is a lot of comparisons to this and how McDonalds operate, for instance McDonalds will try to recruit friends of the family or relatives because it creates a sense of friendship amongst the workers, furthermore McDonalds take their staff on monthly outings to socialise such as going bowling or to the pub, this allows the staff to get to know each other better hence creating a bond between them all. PEST factors are an important part of the recruitment process and has made the whole process more effective, politically changes in legislation, change in policies, may effect how McDonalds can recruit people, for instance there may be a change in the minimum age if it happened to rise, this means McDonalds would lose a large percentage of their employees and would have to spend a lot of money in hiring and recruiting new staff. Mirroring this the maximum age might increase, allowing McDonalds to take on more experienced workers. There may also be Trade restrictions and tariffs which limit how much the business is able to buy and sell, this may result in a reduction of staff if McDonalds have to lower their trading levels, furthermore McDonalds will have to adjust their recruitment process to the changes of the minimum wage, if this slowly increases then it may result in McDonalds recruiting a lower amount of staff, to make up for the money lost in the wage rise. Economic factor effects the change in employment figures, change in disposable income, changes in lifestyle, for instance if a branch is in an area where the cost of hiving is high, they may have less money to spend on take away food, and opt for cooking at home, which is generally cheaper. Additionally if there is a brand new food store opening close by, McDonalds may face fierce competition from them, because the public in general enjoy trying new things, they may find themselves becoming â€Å"bored† of McDonalds and opt for going to the new store for lunch instead, this can then result if a loss of income for a branch which may result in a cut of staff, however to counteract this McDonalds regularly create new meals, to keep customer interest and provide the public with a verity, for instance recently health has been brought up as a concern for McDonalds with a documentary called â€Å"super size me† highlighting the effect of eating fast food on a regular basis, as a result McDonalds has increased the amount of salad’s and nutritional menu’s, and have scrapped the super size meal. Additionally if Interest rates are increased in a certain area, it may mean result in short shortages, or McDonalds offer a lower basic wage to their staff, however in an area where the average household income is high, McDonalds may have to increase their basic wage to match other stores locally, to attract employees. Social factor effects people’s trends, family, culture, demographics, qualifications, for example if people are looking for healthier food, because McDonalds burgers has been in the media getting stick, its likely people will avoid McDonalds, during this period McDonalds may need to create a menu with more healthier foods such as salad, to help get back the customers, if McDonalds are getting a lower income they may have to cut down on their employee numbers. McDonalds may also look to open a store in an area where there has been a sign of an increase in the Population growth rate; this will not only create jobs for locals, but also be profitable for McDonalds. They will also target area’s where there is a high proportion of their target audience which is generally younger people with a reasonable amount of disposable income. Technological effects the advances in equipment, improved technology, news ways of working, this means when recruiting McDonalds may prefer taking on younger employees as in general they are able to work with and learn how to use computers and more technological equipment better then the older generation are. This technological revolution means a faster exchange of information beneficial for businesses as they can react quickly to changes within their operating environment. Those businesses, which are slow to react, will fall at the first few hurdles. Furthermore The Internet is having a profound impact on the strategy of organisations, no more so than McDonalds. McDonalds use their website to get the message across to their customers that they are healthy, all the nutritional values are available, as well as a section on how to stay healthy, their website is typically designed to attract their target audience. Interview Assessment Form Marking Criteria Mrs Carver Mr Checketts Appearance 8/10 6/10 Attitude 9/10 4/10 Personality 8/10 5/10 Education 8/10 7/10 Experience 10/10 8/10 Career Goals 8/10 4/10 How they handled the stress of the interview 10/10 3/10 Skills 7/10 6/10 Aptitude 9/10 5/10 For the poster to stand out its important that its bright and attractive, rather than using a white background I opted for using an image of the outside of a McDonalds store so people can straight away tell what it is, the big bright M, also grabs the attention of viewers, whilst gives the poster an identity. â€Å"McDonalds Recruiting† is in large Green Font so it stands out, it’s also on a yellow background, otherwise the text would be to hard to read against the image, the details of the job description and location is underneath so applicants are able to apply. Beneath this is two images, one showing the recognisable Ronald McDonald and a member of staff with a smiling customer, this gives the business a good image, as well say showing McDonalds operates around a friendly and cheerful atmosphere. The next image is the writing McDonalds against a scenic background, this stands out as it’s a contrast to the rest of the poster. However it’s effective as it’s attractive and relaxing, which is important, as it’s a generally busy looking poster.